![]() ![]() Enteroviruses account for of the majority of cases of aseptic meningitis in children the nonpolio enteroviruses (NPEVs) account for approximately 90% of cases of viral meningitis in which a specific pathogen can be identified the mumps virus is the most common cause of aseptic meningitis in unimmunized populations, occurring in 30% of all patients with mumps. S pneumoniae, a gram-positive coccus, is the most common bacterial cause of meningitis. After the first month of life, the peak incidence is in infants aged 3-8 months.Ĭauses of meningitis include bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, and drugs (eg, NSAIDs, metronidazole, and IV immunoglobulin ).Newborns are at highest risk for acute bacterial meningitis.The rate of meningitis caused by S pneumoniae is 6.5 cases per 100,000 children aged 1-23 months.The risk of secondary meningitis is 1% for family contacts and 0.1% for daycare contacts.N meningitidis causes approximately 4 cases per 100,000 children aged 1-23 months.In addition, the incidence is 0.15 cases per 1000 full-term births and 2.5 cases per 1000 premature births.The incidence of neonatal bacterial meningitis is 0.25-1 case per 1000 live births.With almost 4100 cases and 500 deaths occurring annually in the United States, bacterial meningitis continues to be a significant source of morbidity and mortality the annual incidence in the United States is 1.33 cases per 100,000 population.The incidence of meningitis varies according to the specific etiologic agent, as well as in conjunction with a nation’s medical resources. Replicating bacteria, increasing numbers of inflammatory cells, cytokine-induced disruptions in membrane transport, and increased vascular and membrane permeability perpetuate the infectious process in bacterial meningitis.When the body tries to fight the infection, the problem can worsen blood vessels become leaky and allow fluid, WBCs, and other infection-fighting particles to enter the meninges and brain this process, in turn, causes brain swelling and can eventually result in decreasing blood flow to parts of the brain, worsening the symptoms of infection. ![]()
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